Arrangement for heating coke ovens



A. OTT

' ARRANGEMENT FOR HEATING COKE OVENS Feb.v 25, 1930.

Filed June 6 1925 2 sheets-sheet l Jrg/@wm MM/2 Al l U I l l ooooP/ooo ol o.v o o u n o lllllplln .u i

Feb. 25, 1930. A. o'rT 1,748,187

ARANGEMENT FOR HEATING COKE OVENS Filed June 6, 1925 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented Feb. 25, 193() ADOIF OTT, F RECKLINGHAUSEN, GERMANY ABRANGEMENT FOR HEATING COKE OVENS Application led June 6, 1925, Serial No. 35,459, and in Germany June 7, 1924.

The present invention relates to an improvement in heating means for coke ovens. While the proposed arrangement is well adapted to the distillation of coal and other carbonaceous material for the formation of coke, still it may also be used for other purposes to great advantage. Therefore, where in the specification and claims I use the eX- pression coke oven or like expression it will be understood that I do not limit my invention to this object, but it may be employed in numerous instances where gas is used as fuel burning by supply of air in flues, heating chambers and the like, for instance for reverberatory furnaces, recuperative furnaces, regenerative furnaces, dealing with coal gas, producer gas or blast furnace gas and the like.

According to the usual practice of carbonao izing coal and other fuel in coke ovens, the

material to be carbonized after being carried into carbonizing chambers is to be heated to a high temperature by means of gas flames burning in heating chambers lying between said carbonizing chambers.

As a rule, the heating chambers of such ovens preferably are subdivided into vertically arranged flues, each flue having in its lower portion an arrangement for burning g In order to ensure a perfectly uniform heating of the carbonizing material, it is necessary to raise the temperature of the walls of said heating chambers at each point and each time to the same degree. Ordinarily the total mass of fuel gas' and air for combustion is supplied to the bottom part of a combustion flue at adjoining points. There 1s, therefore, only one flame ineach flue of comparatively little length and very high temperature, heating the walls of the ad]acent colti-ng chambers to a high degree in the lower parts of the oven, whilst the upper parts 'being heated by the cooler products of combustion become cooler undesirably. 'Thus it may be stated in general that the arrangements proposed and constructed for heating coke ovens do not accomplish uniform heating.

Now one of the main objects of the present invention is to lengthen the flame into each combustion flue over the total extent of the fiue by suppling practically the same quantity of air for combustion to equal portions of each combustion flue during the same time and by distributing it in a uniform manner to all parts of a hollow column extending within the interior of and between the ends of the combustion flue.

In the drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of my invention;

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through two combustion flues of a heating chamber of a coke oven.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through a combustion flue and the adjacent carbonizing chambers on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 3-7 are axial sections of hollow columns provided with pores (Fig. 3) or holes (Figs. 4E, 5) or pores and holes (Figs. 6, 7)

the hollow columns of Figs. 4, 7 are straight, of Figs. 3, 5, 6 tapering oif.

Figs. 8, 8b, 8C are cross-sections of vertical combustion flues representing Various forms" of hollow columns.

Fig. 9 is a vertical section of the lower parts of a vertical combustion iiue showing more clearly means for supplying fuel gas.

Fig. 10 shows an application of the improvement to coke ovens with reversals of the was.

D Referring to the drawings, in Figs. 1 and 2 air for combustion passes a pipe 11, a duct 12 and a hollow column 13. rIhis hollow column 13 is made of a fireproof material, extends from the bottom to the top of a vertical combustion flue 14 and is provided with pores (Figs. 1-3) or holes 15 (Figs. 4.-, 5, 10) or pores and holes (Figs. 6 and 7 Fuel gas is Vsupplied by the pipe 16 and branch. 17. entering the combustion flue 14 below hollow cap-shaped distribution means 18 arranged around the lower end of the hollow column 13 and provided with burners 19. Fig. 9 shows in detail this means for supplying fuel gas into the combustion flue. rl`he products of combustion are removed at 2O (Figs. 1 and 2) from the upper end of the combustion flue by a chimney being used also for fetching the air and the fuel gas. lt should be understood of the hollow column.

that the total amount of the air has to be suilicient to burn the fuel gas entering the flue.

Certainly, pores are microscopical or very small holes only extending between the surfaces of a material transversely through its interior and may be distinguished in practical point of view, the pores easily escaping notice to the immediate attention; holes 15 and pores as apertures of the hollow column 13 for supplying air for combustion from the interior thereof and over the surface thereof into the combustionflue may have the common name of openings. The number, arrangement and size of the openings of the hollow column 13 has to be adapted to the purpose of effecting a flame surrounding the total space of the hollow column 13 and realizing the same. temperature at each height of the combustion flue 14 around the hollow column by supplying practically the same quantity of air for combustion to equal portions of the flue 14. v

The arrangement described being adopted, the resulting process of combustion is easily to he understood, if the hollow column is orous. Continuously the streams of the uelv gas adjoining the surface of the hollow column meet the air and are consumed. It will be observed that a column of fire surrounds the surface of the hollow column, the air burnin-g inthe gas in the lower portions of the combustion flue and the gas burning in mixture with the air in the upper portions of said flue. It is certain'that at each point of this veil of fire at eanch time a uniform and equal temperature is eifected over the whole surface Therefore, stowing of heat and local overheating of the bricks are avoided by applying the aforesaid manner of heating. By using a hollow column provided with holes or ,holes and pores, the same result is realized particularly when the number of the holes is increased and correspondingly the cross-section of each'hole is diminishe It will be understood that various modifications of construction may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention. In order to heat by means of a hollow column in the described manner, the combustion iiue may be vertical or inclined or horizontal. Avoiding the distribution means 18 arranged around the lower en'd of the hollow column 13 and provided with burners 19, supplying of fuel gas into the combustion Hue 14 at its ower end, supposing it to be a vertical one, may be managed by any means suitable to this purpose. There also are several forms of the hollow column as shown in the drawings Figs. 8a, 8", 8; while an equal size of the cross-section of the hollow column in different heights (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 7 10) has the advantage of a greater simplicityits tapering. off (Figs. 3, 5, 6) may be accommodated toy the increasing combustion corresponding to the decreasing quantity of air in the interior and the increasin quantity of products of combustion at di erent heights within the flue.

In order to support the hollow column, there may be provided outside on it at dierent heights supporting means 21 leaning against the walls of the combustion flue, supposing it to be avertical one. This arrangement being adopted the gases rise between the supporting means in passages leading upwards and cause a better mixture with the air for combustion by whirling round. It is, therefore, evident that if these YVpassages are inclined and lead the gases between subsequent pairs of supports in the opposite directions along the column the way of the gases will be lengthened and the combustion of the gases will be more complete. For the purpose of a better mixture of air and fuel gas, a portion of the fuel gas may enter from below into the honow coiumn is at 22 (Figs. i, 9) if said hollow column is porous and there is no fear of deposition of carbon or explosion of the mixture.

The gas however ordinarily used for the combustion is taken from the distillation products of the ovens themselves, but the subjection of the gas tothe relatively high temperatures may cause a portion of said gases to split with corresponding deposition of carbon (graphite, soot) and corresponding tendency to foul the passages. These conditions involve the heating with reversals of the gas, well known to those skilled in the art, shown at Fig. 10. This method of heating being adopted, the fuel gas is consumed in the combustion flue 23 and the products of combustion are removed through the flue 24; after the reversal the fuel gas is consumed in the combustion ue 24 and the products of combustion are removed through the flue 23; the products of combustion,.however, always take the opposite direction to that of the air before the reversal. In this connection it is also observed that practically not only the air needed for the combustion, but even a small excess of air is supplied, said excess of air being used to burn the carbon deposit when the products of combustion are passing the flue..

I claim: y

l. In a coke oven or the like, a combustion flue a hollow column of iireproof material extending within said flue from one end thereof to the other end thereof and provided with holes over its surface and extending transversely therethrough for leading air for`combustion into said flue through said holes, a duct adjacent to one end of'said column and communicating with the interior thereof at said end of the column, said flue having a hollow gas distribution means arranged around the end ofthe hollow column adjacent to said duct and having a'plurality of communications with said flue, means for introducing gas into the interior of said distribu- 1,0 end of said column and communicating with tion means, said flue being. provided with an outlet opening for the products of combustion at its end opposite to the end adjacent to said duct. v- 4 2. In a coke oven or the like, a combustion flue, a porous hollow column of reproof material extending within said flue from one end thereof to the other end thereof for leading air for combustion into said ue through the pores of said column, a duct adjacent to one the interior thereof at' said-end of the column, said flue having a hollow gas distribution means arranged around the end of the hollow column adjacent to 'said duct and havin a plurality of communications with said ue, means for introducing gas into the interior of said distributionlmeans, s'aid flue being provided with an outlet opening for the products of combustion at its end opposite to the end 'adjacent to said duct.

3. In a coke oven or the like, a combustion ue a hollow column of repioof material extending wthin said Hue from one end thereof to the other end thereof and provided with openings over its surface and extending transversely therethrough for leading air for combustion into said flue through said openings, a duct adjacent to one end of said column and communicating with the interior thereof at said end of the column, said iiue having a hollow cap-shaped gas distribution means arranged, around the end of the hollow column adjacent to said duct, said distribution means having apertures communicating the interior thereof with the flue, means for introducing gas into the interior of said distribution means, said flue being provided with an outv let opening for the'products of combustin at ilts end opposite to the end adjacent to said uct.

4. In a coke oven or the like, a combustion flue, a hollow column of fireproof material extending within said iue from one end thereair for combustion into said flue through the pores of said column', a duct adjacent to one end of said column and communicating with the interior thereof at said end of the column, said flue having a hollow gas distribution means arranged around the end of the hollow column adjacent tov said duct and havin a plurality of communications with said figue, means for introducing gas into the interior of said distribution means, said column having openings for leading a portion of the fuel gas from said distribution means into the interior of said column, said iue being provided with an outlet opening for the products of combustion at its end opposite to the end adjacent to said duct.

In testimony whereof I have alixed my sig- I of to the other end thereof andfprovidea with openings over its surface and extending transversely therethrough for leading air for combustion into said flue through said openings, a duct adj aoent to one end of said column and communicating with the interior thereof at said end'of the column, said column tapering off from its end adjacent to said duct to the other end thereof, said flue having a hollow gas distribution means arranged around the end of the hollow column adjacent to said duct and having a,A plurality of communications with said lue, means for introducing gas into the interior of said distribution means, said flue being provided with an outlet opening for the products of combustion at its end opposite to the' end adjacent to said duct.

5. In a coke oven or the like, a combustion flue, a porous hollow column of lireproof material extending within said flue from one end thereof to the other end thereof for leading 

